第二类 Wish/if only/would rather愿望 和as if(though)好像从句 分时态
l Wish从句 ……就好了
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反
主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反
助动词过去式+动词原形—与将来事实相反 |
I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)
I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
I wish they would let us get some sleep.
* wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1） We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.)
（2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)
l if only 后的句子用虚拟语气 要是……就好了
if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
l would rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示"宁愿做什么" ，具体用法为：
① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
② 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
l as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气
以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例：
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注：两点说明
(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
(2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译：
It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
